Refactoring audio code

build/android/app/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ add_library(kaliber SHARED
     ../../../src/demo/sky_quad.cc
     ../../../src/engine/animatable.cc
     ../../../src/engine/animator.cc
-    ../../../src/engine/audio/audio_base.cc
+    ../../../src/engine/audio/audio_driver_oboe.cc
-    ../../../src/engine/audio/audio_oboe.cc
+    ../../../src/engine/audio/audio_mixer.cc
     ../../../src/engine/drawable.cc
     ../../../src/engine/engine.cc
     ../../../src/engine/font.cc

build/linux/Makefile

@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ $(BASE_LIB): $(BASE_OBJS)
 ENGINE_SRC := \
   $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/animatable.cc \
   $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/animator.cc \
-  $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/audio/audio_alsa.cc \
+  $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/audio/audio_driver_alsa.cc \
-  $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/audio/audio_base.cc \
+  $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/audio/audio_mixer.cc \
   $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/drawable.cc \
   $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/engine.cc \
   $(SRC_ROOT)/engine/font.cc \

src/engine/audio/audio.h

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_H
-#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_H
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-#include "engine/audio/audio_oboe.h"
-#elif defined(__linux__)
-#include "engine/audio/audio_alsa.h"
-#endif
-
-namespace eng {
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-using Audio = AudioOboe;
-#elif defined(__linux__)
-using Audio = AudioAlsa;
-#endif
-
-}  // namespace eng
-
-#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_H

src/engine/audio/audio_alsa.h

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_ALSA_H
-#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_ALSA_H
-
-#include <atomic>
-#include <thread>
-
-#include "engine/audio/audio_base.h"
-
-typedef struct _snd_pcm snd_pcm_t;
-
-namespace eng {
-
-class AudioAlsa : public AudioBase {
- public:
-  AudioAlsa();
-  ~AudioAlsa();
-
-  bool Initialize();
-
-  void Shutdown();
-
-  void Suspend();
-  void Resume();
-
-  int GetHardwareSampleRate();
-
- private:
-  // Handle for the PCM device.
-  snd_pcm_t* device_;
-
-  std::thread audio_thread_;
-  std::atomic<bool> terminate_audio_thread_{false};
-  std::atomic<bool> suspend_audio_thread_{false};
-
-  size_t num_channels_ = 0;
-  int sample_rate_ = 0;
-  size_t period_size_ = 0;
-
-  void StartAudioThread();
-  void TerminateAudioThread();
-
-  void AudioThreadMain();
-};
-
-}  // namespace eng
-
-#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_ALSA_H

src/engine/audio/audio_driver.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_H
+#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_H
+
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver.h"
+
+namespace eng {
+
+class AudioDriverDelegate;
+
+// Models an audio sink sending mixed audio to the audio driver. Audio data from
+// the mixer source is delivered on a pull model using AudioDriverDelegate.
+class AudioDriver {
+ public:
+  AudioDriver() = default;
+  virtual ~AudioDriver() = default;
+
+  virtual void SetDelegate(AudioDriverDelegate* delegate) = 0;
+
+  virtual bool Initialize() = 0;
+
+  virtual void Shutdown() = 0;
+
+  virtual void Suspend() = 0;
+  virtual void Resume() = 0;
+
+  virtual int GetHardwareSampleRate() = 0;
+
+ private:
+  AudioDriver(const AudioDriver&) = delete;
+  AudioDriver& operator=(const AudioDriver&) = delete;
+};
+
+}  // namespace eng
+
+#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_H

src/engine/audio/audio_driver_alsa.cc

@@ -1,20 +1,26 @@
-#include "engine/audio/audio_alsa.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver_alsa.h"
 
 #include <memory>
 
 #include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
 
 #include "base/log.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver_delegate.h"
 
 using namespace base;
 
 namespace eng {
 
-AudioAlsa::AudioAlsa() = default;
+AudioDriverAlsa::AudioDriverAlsa() = default;
 
-AudioAlsa::~AudioAlsa() = default;
+AudioDriverAlsa::~AudioDriverAlsa() = default;
 
-bool AudioAlsa::Initialize() {
+void AudioDriverAlsa::SetDelegate(AudioDriverDelegate* delegate) {
+  delegate_ = delegate;
+  Resume();
+}
+
+bool AudioDriverAlsa::Initialize() {
   LOG << "Initializing audio system.";
 
   int err;
@@ -136,51 +142,43 @@ bool AudioAlsa::Initialize() {
   return false;
 }
 
-void AudioAlsa::Shutdown() {
+void AudioDriverAlsa::Shutdown() {
   LOG << "Shutting down audio system.";
-
   TerminateAudioThread();
   snd_pcm_drop(device_);
   snd_pcm_close(device_);
 }
 
-void AudioAlsa::Suspend() {
+void AudioDriverAlsa::Suspend() {
-  DCHECK(!terminate_audio_thread_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
-
   suspend_audio_thread_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-void AudioAlsa::Resume() {
+void AudioDriverAlsa::Resume() {
-  DCHECK(!terminate_audio_thread_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
-
   suspend_audio_thread_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-int AudioAlsa::GetHardwareSampleRate() {
+int AudioDriverAlsa::GetHardwareSampleRate() {
   return sample_rate_;
 }
 
-void AudioAlsa::StartAudioThread() {
+void AudioDriverAlsa::StartAudioThread() {
   LOG << "Starting audio thread.";
-
+  terminate_audio_thread_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-  DCHECK(!terminate_audio_thread_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
+  suspend_audio_thread_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-
+  audio_thread_ = std::thread(&AudioDriverAlsa::AudioThreadMain, this);
-  audio_thread_ = std::thread(&AudioAlsa::AudioThreadMain, this);
 }
 
-void AudioAlsa::TerminateAudioThread() {
+void AudioDriverAlsa::TerminateAudioThread() {
   if (terminate_audio_thread_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
     return;
 
   LOG << "Terminating audio thread";
-
-  // Notify worker thread and wait for it to terminate.
   terminate_audio_thread_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
   suspend_audio_thread_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
   audio_thread_.join();
 }
 
-void AudioAlsa::AudioThreadMain() {
+void AudioDriverAlsa::AudioThreadMain() {
   size_t num_frames = period_size_ / (num_channels_ * sizeof(float));
   auto buffer = std::make_unique<float[]>(num_frames * 2);
 
@@ -192,11 +190,11 @@ void AudioAlsa::AudioThreadMain() {
       std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
     }
 
-    RenderAudio(buffer.get(), num_frames);
+    delegate_->RenderAudio(buffer.get(), num_frames);
 
     while (snd_pcm_writei(device_, buffer.get(), num_frames) < 0) {
       snd_pcm_prepare(device_);
-      DLOG << "Audio buffer underrun!";
+      DLOG << "Alsa buffer underrun!";
     }
   }
 }

src/engine/audio/audio_driver_alsa.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_ALSA_H
+#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_ALSA_H
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver.h"
+
+typedef struct _snd_pcm snd_pcm_t;
+
+namespace eng {
+
+class AudioDriverAlsa final : public AudioDriver {
+ public:
+  AudioDriverAlsa();
+  ~AudioDriverAlsa() final;
+
+  void SetDelegate(AudioDriverDelegate* delegate) final;
+
+  bool Initialize() final;
+
+  void Shutdown() final;
+
+  void Suspend() final;
+  void Resume() final;
+
+  int GetHardwareSampleRate() final;
+
+ private:
+  // Handle for the PCM device.
+  snd_pcm_t* device_;
+
+  std::thread audio_thread_;
+  std::atomic<bool> terminate_audio_thread_{false};
+  std::atomic<bool> suspend_audio_thread_{false};
+
+  size_t num_channels_ = 0;
+  int sample_rate_ = 0;
+  size_t period_size_ = 0;
+
+  AudioDriverDelegate* delegate_ = nullptr;
+
+  void StartAudioThread();
+  void TerminateAudioThread();
+
+  void AudioThreadMain();
+};
+
+}  // namespace eng
+
+#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_ALSA_H

src/engine/audio/audio_driver_delegate.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_DELEGATE_H
+#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_DELEGATE_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+namespace eng {
+
+class AudioDriverDelegate {
+ public:
+  AudioDriverDelegate() = default;
+  virtual ~AudioDriverDelegate() = default;
+
+  virtual void RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace eng
+
+#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_DELEGATE_H

src/engine/audio/audio_driver_oboe.cc

@@ -1,62 +1,70 @@
-#include "engine/audio/audio_oboe.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver_oboe.h"
 
 #include "base/log.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver_delegate.h"
 #include "third_party/oboe/include/oboe/Oboe.h"
 
 using namespace base;
 
 namespace eng {
 
-AudioOboe::AudioOboe() : callback_(std::make_unique<StreamCallback>(this)) {}
+AudioDriverOboe::AudioDriverOboe()
+    : callback_(std::make_unique<StreamCallback>(this)) {}
 
-AudioOboe::~AudioOboe() = default;
+AudioDriverOboe::~AudioDriverOboe() = default;
 
-bool AudioOboe::Initialize() {
+void AudioDriverOboe::SetDelegate(AudioDriverDelegate* delegate) {
-  LOG << "Initializing audio system.";
+  delegate_ = delegate;
-
+  Resume();
-  return RestartStream();
 }
 
-void AudioOboe::Shutdown() {
+bool AudioDriverOboe::Initialize() {
+  LOG << "Initializing audio system.";
+
+  return RestartStream(true);
+}
+
+void AudioDriverOboe::Shutdown() {
   LOG << "Shutting down audio system.";
 
   stream_->stop();
 }
 
-void AudioOboe::Suspend() {
+void AudioDriverOboe::Suspend() {
   stream_->stop();
 }
 
-void AudioOboe::Resume() {
+void AudioDriverOboe::Resume() {
   RestartStream();
 }
 
-int AudioOboe::GetHardwareSampleRate() {
+int AudioDriverOboe::GetHardwareSampleRate() {
   return stream_->getSampleRate();
 }
 
-AudioOboe::StreamCallback::StreamCallback(AudioOboe* audio) : audio_(audio) {}
+AudioDriverOboe::StreamCallback::StreamCallback(AudioDriverOboe* driver)
+    : driver_(driver) {}
 
-AudioOboe::StreamCallback::~StreamCallback() = default;
+AudioDriverOboe::StreamCallback::~StreamCallback() = default;
 
-oboe::DataCallbackResult AudioOboe::StreamCallback::onAudioReady(
+oboe::DataCallbackResult AudioDriverOboe::StreamCallback::onAudioReady(
     oboe::AudioStream* oboe_stream,
     void* audio_data,
     int32_t num_frames) {
   float* output_buffer = static_cast<float*>(audio_data);
-  audio_->RenderAudio(output_buffer, num_frames);
+  driver_->delegate_->RenderAudio(output_buffer, num_frames);
   return oboe::DataCallbackResult::Continue;
 }
 
-void AudioOboe::StreamCallback::onErrorAfterClose(
+void AudioDriverOboe::StreamCallback::onErrorAfterClose(
     oboe::AudioStream* oboe_stream,
     oboe::Result error) {
   LOG << "Error after close. Error: " << oboe::convertToText(error);
 
-  audio_->RestartStream();
+  driver_->RestartStream();
 }
 
-bool AudioOboe::RestartStream() {
+bool AudioDriverOboe::RestartStream(bool suspended) {
   oboe::AudioStreamBuilder builder;
   oboe::Result result =
       builder.setSharingMode(oboe::SharingMode::Exclusive)
@@ -80,7 +88,8 @@ bool AudioOboe::RestartStream() {
     return false;
   }
 
-  stream_->start();
+  if (!suspended)
+    stream_->start();
   return true;
 }
 

src/engine/audio/audio_driver_oboe.h

@@ -1,33 +1,37 @@
-#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_OBOE_H
+#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_OBOE_H
-#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_OBOE_H
+#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_OBOE_H
 
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "third_party/oboe/include/oboe/AudioStream.h"
 #include "third_party/oboe/include/oboe/AudioStreamCallback.h"
 
-#include "engine/audio/audio_base.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver.h"
 
 namespace eng {
 
-class AudioOboe : public AudioBase {
+class AudioDriverOboe final : public AudioDriver {
  public:
-  AudioOboe();
+  AudioDriverOboe();
-  ~AudioOboe();
+  ~AudioDriverOboe() final;
 
-  bool Initialize();
+  void SetDelegate(AudioDriverDelegate* delegate) final;
 
-  void Shutdown();
+  bool Initialize() final;
 
-  void Suspend();
+  void Shutdown() final;
-  void Resume();
 
-  int GetHardwareSampleRate();
+  void Suspend() final;
+  void Resume() final;
+
+  int GetHardwareSampleRate() final;
 
  private:
+  static constexpr int kChannelCount = 2;
+
   class StreamCallback final : public oboe::AudioStreamCallback {
    public:
-    StreamCallback(AudioOboe* audio);
+    StreamCallback(AudioDriverOboe* audio);
     ~StreamCallback() final;
 
     oboe::DataCallbackResult onAudioReady(oboe::AudioStream* oboe_stream,
@@ -38,15 +42,17 @@ class AudioOboe : public AudioBase {
                            oboe::Result error) final;
 
    private:
-    AudioOboe* audio_;
+    AudioDriverOboe* driver_;
   };
 
   oboe::ManagedStream stream_;
   std::unique_ptr<StreamCallback> callback_;
 
-  bool RestartStream();
+  AudioDriverDelegate* delegate_ = nullptr;
+
+  bool RestartStream(bool suspended = false);
 };
 
 }  // namespace eng
 
-#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_OBOE_H
+#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_DRIVER_OBOE_H

src/engine/audio/audio_forward.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_FORWARD_H
-#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_FORWARD_H
-
-namespace eng {
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-class AudioOboe;
-using Audio = AudioOboe;
-#elif defined(__linux__)
-class AudioAlsa;
-using Audio = AudioAlsa;
-#endif
-
-}  // namespace eng
-
-#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_FORWARD_H

src/engine/audio/audio_mixer.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "engine/audio/audio.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_mixer.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
 
@@ -11,30 +11,33 @@ using namespace base;
 
 namespace eng {
 
-AudioBase::AudioBase()
+AudioMixer::AudioMixer()
     : main_thread_task_runner_(TaskRunner::GetThreadLocalTaskRunner()) {}
 
-AudioBase::~AudioBase() = default;
+AudioMixer::~AudioMixer() = default;
 
-uint64_t AudioBase::CreateResource() {
+uint64_t AudioMixer::CreateResource() {
   uint64_t resource_id = ++last_resource_id_;
   resources_[resource_id] = std::make_shared<Resource>();
   return resource_id;
 }
 
-void AudioBase::DestroyResource(uint64_t resource_id) {
+void AudioMixer::DestroyResource(uint64_t resource_id) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
 
-  it->second->flags.fetch_or(kStopped, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  if (it->second->active) {
+    it->second->restart_cb = nullptr;
+    it->second->flags.fetch_or(kStopped, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
   resources_.erase(it);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::Play(uint64_t resource_id,
+void AudioMixer::Play(uint64_t resource_id,
-                     std::shared_ptr<Sound> sound,
+                      std::shared_ptr<Sound> sound,
-                     float amplitude,
+                      float amplitude,
-                     bool reset_pos) {
+                      bool reset_pos) {
   if (!audio_enabled_)
     return;
 
@@ -46,15 +49,11 @@ void AudioBase::Play(uint64_t resource_id,
     if (reset_pos)
       it->second->flags.fetch_or(kStopped, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-    if (it->second->flags.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) & kStopped) {
+    if (it->second->flags.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) & kStopped)
-      Closure ocb = std::move(it->second->end_cb);
+      it->second->restart_cb = [&, resource_id, sound, amplitude,
-      SetEndCallback(
+                                reset_pos]() -> void {
-          resource_id,
+        Play(resource_id, sound, amplitude, reset_pos);
-          [&, resource_id, sound, amplitude, reset_pos, ocb]() -> void {
+      };
-            Play(resource_id, sound, amplitude, reset_pos);
-            SetEndCallback(resource_id, std::move(ocb));
-          });
-    }
 
     return;
   }
@@ -75,16 +74,18 @@ void AudioBase::Play(uint64_t resource_id,
   play_list_[0].push_back(it->second);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::Stop(uint64_t resource_id) {
+void AudioMixer::Stop(uint64_t resource_id) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
 
-  if (it->second->active)
+  if (it->second->active) {
+    it->second->restart_cb = nullptr;
     it->second->flags.fetch_or(kStopped, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
 }
 
-void AudioBase::SetLoop(uint64_t resource_id, bool loop) {
+void AudioMixer::SetLoop(uint64_t resource_id, bool loop) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ void AudioBase::SetLoop(uint64_t resource_id, bool loop) {
     it->second->flags.fetch_and(~kLoop, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::SetSimulateStereo(uint64_t resource_id, bool simulate) {
+void AudioMixer::SetSimulateStereo(uint64_t resource_id, bool simulate) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ void AudioBase::SetSimulateStereo(uint64_t resource_id, bool simulate) {
     it->second->flags.fetch_and(~kSimulateStereo, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::SetResampleStep(uint64_t resource_id, size_t step) {
+void AudioMixer::SetResampleStep(uint64_t resource_id, size_t step) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ void AudioBase::SetResampleStep(uint64_t resource_id, size_t step) {
   it->second->step.store(step + 100, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::SetMaxAmplitude(uint64_t resource_id, float max_amplitude) {
+void AudioMixer::SetMaxAmplitude(uint64_t resource_id, float max_amplitude) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ void AudioBase::SetMaxAmplitude(uint64_t resource_id, float max_amplitude) {
   it->second->max_amplitude.store(max_amplitude, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::SetAmplitudeInc(uint64_t resource_id, float amplitude_inc) {
+void AudioMixer::SetAmplitudeInc(uint64_t resource_id, float amplitude_inc) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ void AudioBase::SetAmplitudeInc(uint64_t resource_id, float amplitude_inc) {
   it->second->amplitude_inc.store(amplitude_inc, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::SetEndCallback(uint64_t resource_id, base::Closure cb) {
+void AudioMixer::SetEndCallback(uint64_t resource_id, base::Closure cb) {
   auto it = resources_.find(resource_id);
   if (it == resources_.end())
     return;
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ void AudioBase::SetEndCallback(uint64_t resource_id, base::Closure cb) {
   it->second->end_cb = std::move(cb);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) {
+void AudioMixer::RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) {
   {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> scoped_lock(lock_, std::try_to_lock);
     if (scoped_lock)
@@ -207,20 +208,18 @@ void AudioBase::RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) {
 
         // Remove, loop or stream if the source data is consumed
         if (src_index >= num_samples) {
-          if (!sound->is_streaming_sound()) {
+          if (num_samples)
             src_index %= num_samples;
 
+          if (!sound->is_streaming_sound()) {
             if (!(flags & kLoop)) {
               marked_for_removal = true;
               break;
             }
           } else if (!it->get()->streaming_in_progress.load(
                          std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-            if (num_samples)
-              src_index %= num_samples;
-
-            // Looping streaming sounds never return eof.
             if (sound->eof()) {
+              DCHECK((flags & kLoop) == 0);
               marked_for_removal = true;
               break;
             }
@@ -238,10 +237,9 @@ void AudioBase::RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) {
 
             ThreadPool::Get().PostTask(
                 HERE,
-                std::bind(&AudioBase::DoStream, this, *it, flags & kLoop));
+                std::bind(&AudioMixer::DoStream, this, *it, flags & kLoop));
           } else if (num_samples) {
-            DLOG << "Buffer underrun!";
+            DLOG << "Mixer buffer underrun!";
-            src_index %= num_samples;
           }
         }
       }
@@ -263,7 +261,7 @@ void AudioBase::RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) {
     if ((!it->get()->sound->is_streaming_sound() ||
          !it->get()->streaming_in_progress.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))) {
       main_thread_task_runner_->PostTask(
-          HERE, std::bind(&AudioBase::EndCallback, this, *it));
+          HERE, std::bind(&AudioMixer::EndCallback, this, *it));
       it = end_list_.erase(it);
     } else {
       ++it;
@@ -271,19 +269,20 @@ void AudioBase::RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) {
   }
 }
 
-void AudioBase::DoStream(std::shared_ptr<Resource> resource, bool loop) {
+void AudioMixer::DoStream(std::shared_ptr<Resource> resource, bool loop) {
   resource->sound->Stream(loop);
-
-  // Memory barrier to ensure all memory writes become visible to the audio
-  // thread.
   resource->streaming_in_progress.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
 }
 
-void AudioBase::EndCallback(std::shared_ptr<Resource> resource) {
+void AudioMixer::EndCallback(std::shared_ptr<Resource> resource) {
   resource->active = false;
 
   if (resource->end_cb)
     resource->end_cb();
+  if (resource->restart_cb) {
+    resource->restart_cb();
+    resource->restart_cb = nullptr;
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace eng

src/engine/audio/audio_mixer.h

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_BASE_H
+#ifndef ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_MIXER_H
-#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_BASE_H
+#define ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_MIXER_H
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "base/closure.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver_delegate.h"
 
 namespace base {
 class TaskRunner;
@@ -16,11 +18,14 @@ namespace eng {
 
 class Sound;
 
-// Class representing the end-point for rendered audio. A platform specific
+// Mix and render audio with low overhead. A platform specific AudioDriver
-// implementation is expected to periodically call RenderAudio() in a background
+// implementation is expected to periodically call Render() in a background
 // thread.
-class AudioBase {
+class AudioMixer : public AudioDriverDelegate {
  public:
+  AudioMixer();
+  ~AudioMixer();
+
   uint64_t CreateResource();
   void DestroyResource(uint64_t resource_id);
 
@@ -39,21 +44,15 @@ class AudioBase {
 
   void SetEnableAudio(bool enable) { audio_enabled_ = enable; }
 
- protected:
-  static constexpr int kChannelCount = 2;
-
-  AudioBase();
-  ~AudioBase();
-
-  void RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames);
-
  private:
   enum SampleFlags { kLoop = 1, kStopped = 2, kSimulateStereo = 4 };
+  static constexpr int kChannelCount = 2;
 
   struct Resource {
     // Accessed by main thread only.
     bool active = false;
     base::Closure end_cb;
+    base::Closure restart_cb;
 
     // Initialized by main thread, used by audio thread.
     std::shared_ptr<Sound> sound;
@@ -83,14 +82,17 @@ class AudioBase {
 
   bool audio_enabled_ = true;
 
+  // AudioDriverDelegate implementation
+  void RenderAudio(float* output_buffer, size_t num_frames) final;
+
   void DoStream(std::shared_ptr<Resource> sample, bool loop);
 
   void EndCallback(std::shared_ptr<Resource> sample);
 
-  AudioBase(const AudioBase&) = delete;
+  AudioMixer(const AudioMixer&) = delete;
-  AudioBase& operator=(const AudioBase&) = delete;
+  AudioMixer& operator=(const AudioMixer&) = delete;
 };
 
 }  // namespace eng
 
-#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_BASE_H
+#endif  // ENGINE_AUDIO_AUDIO_MIXER_H

src/engine/engine.cc

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 #include "base/log.h"
 #include "engine/animator.h"
-#include "engine/audio/audio.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_mixer.h"
 #include "engine/drawable.h"
 #include "engine/font.h"
 #include "engine/game.h"
@@ -25,11 +26,17 @@ namespace eng {
 
 Engine* Engine::singleton = nullptr;
 
-Engine::Engine(Platform* platform, Renderer* renderer, Audio* audio)
+Engine::Engine(Platform* platform,
-    : platform_(platform), renderer_(renderer), audio_(audio) {
+               Renderer* renderer,
+               AudioDriver* audio_driver)
+    : platform_(platform),
+      renderer_(renderer),
+      audio_driver_(audio_driver),
+      audio_mixer_{std::make_unique<AudioMixer>()} {
   DCHECK(!singleton);
   singleton = this;
 
+  audio_driver_->SetDelegate(audio_mixer_.get());
   renderer_->SetContextLostCB(std::bind(&Engine::ContextLost, this));
 
   quad_ = CreateRenderResource<Geometry>();
@@ -151,14 +158,14 @@ void Engine::Draw(float frame_frac) {
 }
 
 void Engine::LostFocus() {
-  audio_->Suspend();
+  audio_driver_->Suspend();
 
   if (game_)
     game_->LostFocus();
 }
 
 void Engine::GainedFocus(bool from_interstitial_ad) {
-  audio_->Resume();
+  audio_driver_->Resume();
 
   if (game_)
     game_->GainedFocus(from_interstitial_ad);
@@ -436,7 +443,7 @@ void Engine::SetKeepScreenOn(bool keep_screen_on) {
 }
 
 void Engine::SetEnableAudio(bool enable) {
-  audio_->SetEnableAudio(enable);
+  audio_mixer_->SetEnableAudio(enable);
 }
 
 TextureCompressor* Engine::GetTextureCompressor(bool opacity) {
@@ -474,7 +481,7 @@ const std::string& Engine::GetSharedDataPath() const {
 }
 
 int Engine::GetAudioHardwareSampleRate() {
-  return audio_->GetHardwareSampleRate();
+  return audio_driver_->GetHardwareSampleRate();
 }
 
 bool Engine::IsMobile() const {

src/engine/engine.h

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #include "base/random.h"
 #include "base/vecmath.h"
-#include "engine/audio/audio_forward.h"
 #include "engine/persistent_data.h"
 
 class TextureCompressor;
@@ -17,6 +16,8 @@ class TextureCompressor;
 namespace eng {
 
 class Animator;
+class AudioDriver;
+class AudioMixer;
 class Font;
 class Game;
 class Drawable;
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class Engine {
  public:
   using CreateImageCB = std::function<std::unique_ptr<Image>()>;
 
-  Engine(Platform* platform, Renderer* renderer, Audio* audio);
+  Engine(Platform* platform, Renderer* renderer, AudioDriver* audio_driver);
   ~Engine();
 
   static Engine& Get();
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ class Engine {
 
   void SetEnableVibration(bool enable) { vibration_enabled_ = enable; }
 
-  Audio* GetAudio() { return audio_; }
+  AudioMixer* GetAudioMixer() { return audio_mixer_.get(); }
 
   // Access to the render resources.
   Geometry* GetQuad() { return quad_.get(); }
@@ -172,11 +173,10 @@ class Engine {
   static Engine* singleton;
 
   Platform* platform_ = nullptr;
-
   Renderer* renderer_ = nullptr;
+  AudioDriver* audio_driver_ = nullptr;
 
-  Audio* audio_ = nullptr;
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioMixer> audio_mixer_;
-
   std::unique_ptr<Game> game_;
 
   std::unique_ptr<Geometry> quad_;

src/engine/platform/platform.cc

@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "base/log.h"
 #include "base/task_runner.h"
-#include "engine/audio/audio.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 #include "engine/renderer/opengl/renderer_opengl.h"
 #include "engine/renderer/vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h"
 
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver_oboe.h"
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+#include "engine/audio/audio_driver_alsa.h"
+#endif
+
 using namespace base;
 
 namespace eng {
@@ -23,9 +28,13 @@ void Platform::InitializeCommon() {
   thread_pool_.Initialize();
   TaskRunner::CreateThreadLocalTaskRunner();
 
-  audio_ = std::make_unique<Audio>();
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  if (!audio_->Initialize()) {
+  audio_driver_ = std::make_unique<AudioDriverOboe>();
-    LOG << "Failed to initialize audio system.";
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+  audio_driver_ = std::make_unique<AudioDriverAlsa>();
+#endif
+  if (!audio_driver_->Initialize()) {
+    LOG << "Failed to initialize audio driver.";
     throw internal_error;
   }
 
@@ -41,12 +50,13 @@ void Platform::InitializeCommon() {
 void Platform::ShutdownCommon() {
   LOG << "Shutting down platform.";
 
-  audio_->Shutdown();
+  audio_driver_->Shutdown();
   renderer_->Shutdown();
 }
 
 void Platform::RunMainLoop() {
-  engine_ = std::make_unique<Engine>(this, renderer_.get(), audio_.get());
+  engine_ =
+      std::make_unique<Engine>(this, renderer_.get(), audio_driver_.get());
   if (!engine_->Initialize()) {
     LOG << "Failed to initialize the engine.";
     throw internal_error;

src/engine/platform/platform.h

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 #include "base/thread_pool.h"
 #include "base/timer.h"
-#include "engine/audio/audio_forward.h"
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ struct AInputEvent;
 
 namespace eng {
 
+class AudioDriver;
 class Renderer;
 class Engine;
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Platform {
   bool has_focus_ = false;
   bool should_exit_ = false;
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Audio> audio_;
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioDriver> audio_driver_;
   std::unique_ptr<Renderer> renderer_;
   std::unique_ptr<Engine> engine_;
 

src/engine/platform/platform_android.cc

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include "base/log.h"
 #include "base/task_runner.h"
-#include "engine/audio/audio.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 #include "engine/input_event.h"
 #include "engine/renderer/renderer.h"

src/engine/platform/platform_linux.cc

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include "base/log.h"
 #include "base/task_runner.h"
 #include "base/vecmath.h"
-#include "engine/audio/audio.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 #include "engine/input_event.h"
 #include "engine/renderer/renderer.h"

src/engine/sound_player.cc

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "base/interpolation.h"
 #include "base/log.h"
-#include "engine/audio/audio.h"
+#include "engine/audio/audio_mixer.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 #include "engine/sound.h"
 
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ using namespace base;
 namespace eng {
 
 SoundPlayer::SoundPlayer()
-    : resource_id_(Engine::Get().GetAudio()->CreateResource()) {}
+    : resource_id_(Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->CreateResource()) {}
 
 SoundPlayer::~SoundPlayer() {
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->DestroyResource(resource_id_);
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->DestroyResource(resource_id_);
 }
 
 void SoundPlayer::SetSound(std::shared_ptr<Sound> sound) {
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ void SoundPlayer::Play(bool loop, float fade_in_duration) {
     return;
 
   int step = variate_ ? Engine::Get().GetRandomGenerator().Roll(3) - 2 : 0;
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetResampleStep(resource_id_, step * 12);
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetResampleStep(resource_id_, step * 12);
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetLoop(resource_id_, loop);
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetLoop(resource_id_, loop);
   if (fade_in_duration > 0)
-    Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetAmplitudeInc(
+    Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetAmplitudeInc(
         resource_id_, 1.0f / (sound_->sample_rate() * fade_in_duration));
   else
-    Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetAmplitudeInc(resource_id_, 0);
+    Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetAmplitudeInc(resource_id_, 0);
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->Play(
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->Play(
       resource_id_, sound_, fade_in_duration > 0 ? 0 : max_amplitude_, true);
 }
 
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ void SoundPlayer::Resume(float fade_in_duration) {
     return;
 
   if (fade_in_duration > 0)
-    Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetAmplitudeInc(
+    Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetAmplitudeInc(
         resource_id_, 1.0f / (sound_->sample_rate() * fade_in_duration));
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->Play(resource_id_, sound_,
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->Play(resource_id_, sound_,
-                                 fade_in_duration > 0 ? 0 : -1, false);
+                                      fade_in_duration > 0 ? 0 : -1, false);
 }
 
 void SoundPlayer::Stop(float fade_out_duration) {
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ void SoundPlayer::Stop(float fade_out_duration) {
     return;
 
   if (fade_out_duration > 0)
-    Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetAmplitudeInc(
+    Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetAmplitudeInc(
         resource_id_, -1.0f / (sound_->sample_rate() * fade_out_duration));
   else
-    Engine::Get().GetAudio()->Stop(resource_id_);
+    Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->Stop(resource_id_);
 }
 
 void SoundPlayer::SetVariate(bool variate) {
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ void SoundPlayer::SetVariate(bool variate) {
 }
 
 void SoundPlayer::SetSimulateStereo(bool simulate) {
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetSimulateStereo(resource_id_, simulate);
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetSimulateStereo(resource_id_, simulate);
 }
 
 void SoundPlayer::SetMaxAplitude(float max_amplitude) {
   max_amplitude_ = max_amplitude;
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetMaxAmplitude(resource_id_, max_amplitude);
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetMaxAmplitude(resource_id_, max_amplitude);
 }
 
 void SoundPlayer::SetEndCallback(base::Closure cb) {
-  Engine::Get().GetAudio()->SetEndCallback(resource_id_, cb);
+  Engine::Get().GetAudioMixer()->SetEndCallback(resource_id_, cb);
 }
 
 }  // namespace eng